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Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu
- Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants for Drought Tolerance:Role of Transcription Factors
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Authors
Rajendran Host Antony David
1,
Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
1,
Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
2,
Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
1
Affiliations
1 Division of Plant molecular Biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, IN
2 Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Jawahar Nagar, Puducherry, IN
1 Division of Plant molecular Biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, IN
2 Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Jawahar Nagar, Puducherry, IN
Source
South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 272‐286Abstract
Agricultural production is severely affected by various abiotic stresses including drought. Development of crop plants tolerant to drought is an urgent need to increase crop productivity to feed the growing population. It is imperative to understand the adaptive mechanism of plants to drought especially the type and expression levels of drought responsive genes. Several genes upregulated during abiotic stress have been exploited to develop drought tolerant plants. Genetic engineering of crop plants with stress responsive genes has been an effective method of generating drought tolerant plants. But expressions of these stress responsive genes are regulated by several transcription factors (TFs). TFs are DNA binding proteins that bind to the specific sequence motif and modulate the levels of gene expression. They may function as an activator, or repressor for the expression of specific genes. Transgenic plants expressing drought responsive TFs have been shown to improve drought tolerance in many crop plants. In this review, we have discussed the details on TFs used for developing various transgenic plants and also analyzed the potential of TFs for further transgenic studies. The future direction to exploit TFs for sustainable crop production under drought is also highlighted.Keywords
Abiotic Stress, Drought, Transcription Factor, NAC, MYB, WRKY, ERF.Full Text
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- Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Streptomyces Sp. (ERINLG-51) Isolated from Southern Western Ghats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Microbiology and Cancer Biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai - 600 034, IN
2 Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, JP
1 Division of Microbiology and Cancer Biology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai - 600 034, IN
2 Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, JP
Source
South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 1, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 7-14Abstract
The present study aimed for the isolation and characterization antimicrobial metabolite producing Streptomyces sp. from the Dolphin Nose hills, Nilgiris, Southern Western Ghats, India. Primary screening of the strains towards antimicrobial activity guided to select a novel Streptomyces sp. (ERINLG-51). Routine microbial identification steps, morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA analysis confirmed the strain as Streptomyces sp., ERINLG-51. The antibacterial substance present in the fermentation broth was extracted using ethyl acetate. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract showed comparatively better activity against Shigella flexneri, Klebsilella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Malassezia pachydermatis. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were: 125 μg/mL against S. flexneri, B. subtilis, M. luteus and P. vulgaris respectively. Interestingly, the ethyl acetate extract showed cytotoxic activity against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line. It showed 72% activity at the dose of 1000 μg/mL with IC50 value of 600 μg/ mL. In conclusion the crude extract of Streptomyces sp., ERINLG-51 could be useful to identify novel molecules with potential activity towards pathogenic microorganisms and cancer.Keywords
Streptomyces sp., 6Sr RNA, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity.Full Text
- Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Friedelin Isolated from Azima tetracantha Lam. in Wistar Rats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, KR
2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
3 Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, KR
2 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, SA
3 Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 1, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 34-37Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of friedelin isolated from leaves of Azima tetracantha Lam. The anti-diarrhoeal effect of friedelin was studied by using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal motility test, magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhea and castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. Friedelin (20 mg/kg) showed significant (P < 0.0001) reduction of intestinal transit and gastric emptying which were similar to the anti- motility activity as known compound atropine (0.1 mg/kg). Friedelin (20 mg/kg) also exerted significant anti-enteropooling effects, against castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. The defaecation frequencies and the faecal droppings wetness were significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced. Additionally, friedelin (20 mg/kg) revealed significant (P < 0.0001) inhibition (89.64%) of castor oil-induced diarrhea. The overall results elucidated that the anti-diarrhoeal activity of friedelin may be due to its anti-secretory and anti-motility properties, which consequently provide evidence for the traditional claim.Keywords
Diarrhoea, Enteropooling, Motility, Azima tetracantha, Friedelin, Castor Oil.Full Text